TAAJAAB  (site code TJB)


Taajaab (Tagab) forms a large thinly populated sheikhdom, with relatively few, and small settlements in modern times. The southernmost hamlet, Kabaaja seems to have been a relatively recent foundation, established by people originating on the island of Musul.  The village of Fogo was reputedly settled from the seasonal island of AbDireewa just to the south.  It is dominated by the large hill of Jebel Ali Barsi, named after the early 19th century ‘bandit’.  Oral traditions record that Taajaab village was originally settled by migrants from al-Tur’a, near Kokke. North of the Taajaab the area is largely uninhabited for some 10km as far downstream as Marakol, although there are some small areas of cultivation which have been established by farmers from neighbouring areas, including from across the river. Fagirinfenti, at the north end of this area, where the river turns to flow east, marks the point where the route along the west bank heading north may leave the river, continuing directly north towards Soleb, rather than negotiating the rocky and broken land along the river.

TJB001     
Tahainirki  Cemetery – Medieval/Islamic?
A large cemetery  site close to the river N of Kabaja village, beside the 'lower' lorry track. (Ref: 90/11)

TJB002   
Tahainirki    Occupation -- Prehistoric
An extensive site running along the S bank of the khor  Taha'nirki, W of the 'lower' lorry track.  Surface material comprises scatters of lithics concentrated around 2 rock outcrops at its E end.  No pottery was recorded. (Ref: 90/12)

TJB003     
Tahainirki     Diffi/Granary -- Islamic
An isolated structure measuring c.22m square, built of rough stone and jalus.  The site is known locally to have been a granary (Nobiin: Shoona) and probably dates to the 18th-19th Century. Numerous quernstone fragments were noted in and around the structure. There is a small group of rock drawings, including one of an elephant close to the structure. (Refs: 90/13, topo2-1/8-169)

TJB004      
Shoonan Diffi     Diffi/Granary -- Islamic
A well-preserved jalus structure situated within the cultivation area c.80m from the river.  The building measures 16 x 15m with a small tower built on its NW corner.  The walls are built in a distinctive fashion with 2 separate faces.  Locally informants identify the structure as a granary. (Refs: 90/14; 2-1/8-171

TJB005           
Kisseenfarki    Fortified site    Medieval-Postmedieval   
A large fortified site on the bank of the river, on the north side of khor Kisseenfarki. The primary structure is a massive rectangular mudbrick enclosure with corner towers, measuring c.18m (N-S) x 20m (E-W).  Several building phases are apparent. The original structure was built largely in mudbrick, probably with a subcircular tower in the SW corner and another, perhaps guarding a gateway, in the centre of the north wall.  Latterly, the structure was substantially rebuilt and repaired, with the addition of rectangular mudbrick towers, on stone foundations in the NW and SW corners.  Small towers in the centre of the S and W walls may also be later additions.  In probably a rather kater phase a massive stone and jalus tower was constructed at the SE corner of the and a large enclosure (c.25m N-S x <26m E-W) was added on its east side extending towards the river bank. The primary structure seems likely to date to the later medieval period. Surface material includes sherds from the Post-Classic and later phases. The later stone and jalus additions probably date to the 18th century and possibly early 19th century. In local tradition the site is associated with a local ‘bandit’ chief Ali Barsi. Linant  recorded that Ali Barsi was killed sometime in the early 19th century, apparently not long before the Egyptian invasion of Sudan in 1820. Refs: Linant 1958:182;  (Ref: 90/15=90/MH7a) Ref: Sudan Survey Map NE-36-A "Ruins".

TJB006           
Kisseenfarki    Village/Church?    Medieval
A large site in open land west of TJB005. A poorly-preserved enclosure wall surrounds the site, c.45m N-S and 100m E-W; the E end has been lost. The line of an internal cross-wall is preserved c.45m from the W end. In the centre of the western part of the site are partially upstanding remains of a substantial mudbrick structure with a number of vaults and arches still intact, possibly a church.  The best preserved structures are built in mudbrick, but the presence of much redbrick rubble across the site indicates the presence of at least one redbrick building, since robbed out. Surface sherds include 9th-11th century ‘Classic Christian’ and later wares. (Ref: 90/16)

TJB007     
Kisseenfarki        Cemetery
An extensive area to the north of TJB006 shows some disturbance and is covered with a thin scatter of medieval sherds. This may be a cemetery but confirmation is required. (Refs: 90/17 = 90/MH7c)

TJB008     
Kisseenfarki-Klaatin    Occupation Medieval
A small and poorly defined site close to the river bank in an area of sand and halfa grass. The surface remains are limited to a sherd scatter of ‘7th-8th century ‘Early Christian’’ material (Ware R5) as well as probable ‘Mid-9th-11th century ‘Classic Christian’’ sherds (Ware W10).  Further testing is required. (90/18)

TJB009       
Fogo        Occupation pre-Kerma/Kerma
An extensive Kerma occupation site on the SE side of Jebel Ali Barsi on the W side of Fogo village. Dense scatters of sherds, lithics and clusters of stones including pre-Kerma and Early Kerma material.  This potentially very important site is seriously threatened by the westward expansion of Fogo village and further work here is urgently required. (90/19)

TJB010     
Fogo        Enclosures       ?
A group of four rectangular stone enclosures close to the river bank, on the N side Fogo village.  The low walls are of rough dry-stone construction and enclose an area of c.6500m2 in total.  These may be enclosures for caravans passing through the area. (90/22)

TJB011     
Fogo    Cemetery  Medieval/Islamic?
A small cemetery area just  N of Fogo village close to site TJB012. It covers c.5000m2 and is well preserved.  Many of the graves are of Islamic date a number of medieval sherds were also noted, including 7th-8th century ‘Early Christian’ and 9th-11th century ‘Classic Christian’ wares. (90/21)

TJB012       
Fogo-Siiwa        Cemetery  post-Meroitic
A small cemetery with 5 well-preserved tumuli, in open ground N of Fogo Village.  The low tumuli measure 10-15m in diameter and their sides are covered with  small stones.  Most appear to have been disturbed, although not recently.  A small number of surface sherds include possible northern "late X-Group" wares, probably 6th century.  It was unclear whether there are further unmarked graves surrounding the tumuli. (90/20)

TJB013     
Fogo North        Settlement Medieval
A small settlement with some standing ruins on the banks of the river amongst rocky outcrops N of Fogo.  The site has been disturbed in recent years by a new vehicle track running across it.  Surface pottery includes 10th-11th century ‘Classic’, 12th century ‘PostClassic’ and ‘12th-14th century ‘Late Christian’  wares. (Ref: 90/23)

TJB014       
Fogo North    Graves - Medieval    A small cemetery just N of the medieval settlement TJB013, in a small open area bounded by rocks, close to the river.  Surface sherds include possible 7th-8th century ‘Early Christian’ wares. (Ref: 90/24)

TJB015       
Toona            Habitation - Medieval
An isolated medieval house on the river bank in an area of rock outcrops.  The building measures c.10 x 5m and stands up to 2.25m high.  This was probably a two storey building.  Little of the mudbrick upper levels survive, but the barrel-vaulted ceilings of the six lower rooms (measuring c.2.5 x 3m) are well-preserved.  (Ref: 90/25)

TJB016       
Ortoodi            Cemetery       ?
An ancient cemetery has been reported within the courtyard of Taajaab Elementary School.  The graves included a number of infant burials, interred inside pots.  Further work is required to determine the date and nature of this site. (Ref: 90/26)

TJB017      
Satai        Habitation Islamic?
Two well-preserved buildings just to the S of Jebel Satai.  The 2 adjoining structures, one built in jalus mud and the other in rough stone, measure 15 x 12m. (90/27)

TJB018      
Satai        Occupation  Prehistoric
An extensive occupation site with a surface spread of lithic material extending over c.600m N-S.   The site lies on raised ground within a large wadi to the W of site TJB017; some parts have been disturbed by vehicle tracks. (90/28)

TJB019      
Satai            Rock Drawings & Occ
A small group of rock drawings at the SE end of Jebel Satai, on SE facing boulders.  The drawings are mainly of cattle.  Some sherd scatters were also noted in the vicinity which included incised Neolithic material. (90/29) 

TJB020       
Satai            Occupation  Medieval
An extensive spread of medieval Christian sherds spread over c.300m of the river bank, N of Jebel Satai and S of Khor Satai.  No building remains are visible but surface material suggests the presence of pottery kilns. Many of the sherds are of coarse utility wares including qadus, but some decorated 9th-11th century ‘Classic Christian’ wares were noted (e.g. Ware W5 "Ghazali" type). (90/30)

TJB021     
Fagirinfenti    Cemetery  Medieval
On the S side of the settlement is a small cemetery covering c.100 x 25m.  A number of individual graves visible, marked by low gravel mounds, aligned E-W.  A small quantity of medieval Christian sherds was found, most from small fine vessels of 9th-11th century ‘Classic’ (e.g. Ware W5) and 12th century ‘PostClassic’ wares. (Ref: 90/34;  Mohammed 1978: 64).

TJB022       
Fagirinfenti          Saqia pit  Postmedieval?
Just to the S of site TJB023 is a saqia well.  The pit is quite well preserved.  Its date remains uncertain, but it is possibly of late medieval date. (Ref: 90/33)

TJB023     
Fagirinfenti    Settlement  Medieval
A cluster of ruined mudbrick buildings and stone enclosure walls, close to the edge of the river, marking the site of a small medieval settlement, including the ruins of a mudbrick church measuring c.14.2 x 7.4m.  Some standing mudbrick walls relating to a cluster of buildings survive to the east of the church.  Surface sherds include 9th-11th century ‘Classic’, 12th century ‘PostClassic’ and 12th-14th century ‘Late Christian’’ wares. An inscribed ceramic stamp (Appendix ..) is reputed to come from the site.  The site is now being encroached upon by cultivation and its margins are now being eroded.  (Ref: 90/32; Mohammed 1978: 62-3, 66)

TJB024      
Fagirinfenti    Castle-house Medieval
This is a substantial two-storey medieval building, measuring c.18 x 16.4m. Constructed with rough stone foundations and a mudbrick superstructure, this is an example of a large late medieval ‘castle-house’ (Adams 1994).  The stone foundations stand c.1.3m high and the maximum surviving height of the building is 4.3m.  Several well-preserved barrel vaults survive within the internal rooms at ground floor level, covering perhaps 12 blind cellars of the type which typify this type of building.  In the S wall, a wide entrance leads onto a rough stone feature which runs south and then towards the other buildings (TJB023). This comprises broad stone foundations, c3m wide, which seem to have supported mudbrick walls, giving the appearance, at least, of forming a long passage linking the two parts of the site.    This feature then turned west, on narrower (c.1.5m) foundations.  The size of this building, larger than any other known castle-houses, is notable. (Ref: 90/31; Linant 1958: 183, Mohammed 1978:61-2,  Sudan Survey Map NE-36-A "Ancient Ruins")

TJB025    
Olow  Enclosure Medieval?
An irregular rough stone enclosure located on a rocky outcrop to the E of TJB024.  The site commands good views both southwards, upriver, as well as to downriver to the east.

TJB 026       
Kisseenfarki    Shrine    Postmedieval
Mudbrick shrine at NE edge of TJB 006. Subrectangular structure, measuring c.5 x 6m with mihrab at east end.

TJB027           
Fogonarti        Diffi
Rectangular Diffi on SE side of Fogonarti island (also known as Shimeyyanarti).  Walls built of mud stone and mudbrick and originally with 4 mudbrick towers of which 3 survive.  Some parts of walls relatively well-preserved with stone foundations, supporting mud and mudbrick upper levels. Local traditions associate this diffi with ‘the son of a king of Dongola’ who settled there with a woman from Simit and was killed by Ali Barsi. (Ref: topo2/1/8/174)

TJB028     19°52.97/30°18.26
Ortoodi        Cemetery & shrine
Square mudbrick shrine of Sheikh Osman al-Wali in Islamic cemetery

TJB029     19°56.443/30°17.689
Fagirinfenti        Shrine
Rectangular shrine of rough stone, associated with Faqir Komaaski, or Kamaaski.  The name Komaaski is also associated with a shrine on the west side of Sugdan island.

  back to top of page

back to 2002 survey page